About FMBO

History & Philosophy

The foundation of modern orthodontic practice — from Dr. Robert Ricketts' pioneering work to the establishment of FMBO and modern FMBODS technology.

"The Bioprogressive approach is not just about teeth — it's about understanding growth, function, and aesthetics as an integrated whole."
— Dr. Robert M. Ricketts
The Founder

The Legacy of Dr. Robert M. Ricketts

One of the most influential orthodontists of the 20th century, whose pioneering work in cephalometrics, arch development, and facial aesthetics revolutionized orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.

Early Education & Mentors

Dr. Robert M. Ricketts began his specialty training in orthodontics at the University of Illinois Chicago in 1950 under the direction of Drs. Allan Brodie and William Downs — two pioneers who pioneered cephalometric radiography.

During his formative years, Ricketts worked with influential mentors including Dr. Pruzansky, Dr. Cecil Steiner, and Dr. Silas Kloen. Dr. Steiner encouraged Ricketts to establish his practice in Pacific Palisades, California.

First Patient: July 1, 1952

Early Research Contributions

During his student years, Ricketts produced pioneering papers on TMJ utilizing Laminagraphy and developed a technique for forecasting facial growth over a 2-year period from lateral radiographs, under Dr. Downs' guidance.

Building upon foundational work of his mentors, Dr. Ricketts developed what would become known as Bioprogressive Therapy — a comprehensive philosophy that emphasized evidence-based diagnosis and patient-centered treatment.

Collaborators

Key Contributors to Bioprogressive Therapy

The development of Bioprogressive Therapy was a collaborative effort of brilliant minds in orthodontics.

Dr. Ruel Bench

Joined as preceptee in 1959, became essential collaborator

Dr. Carl Gugino

Helped spread Ricketts' ideas globally

Dr. James Hilgers

Co-author of Bioprogressive Therapy textbook

Robert Schulhof

Co-author and key researcher

Rocky Mountain Orthodontics

Industry partner for appliance development

Timeline

Historical Milestones

The evolution of Bioprogressive Orthodontics through decades of innovation and collaboration.

1950

Beginning of a Legacy

Dr. R.M. Ricketts begins specialty training in orthodontics at the University of Illinois Chicago under the direction of Drs. Allan Brodie and William Downs.

1952

First Patient

Dr. Ricketts receives his first patient in Pacific Palisades, California, establishing his private practice.

1956

First Publication

Dr. Ricketts publishes his initial research on cephalometric analysis, introducing concepts that would become fundamental to modern orthodontic diagnosis.

1959

Dr. Ruel Bench Joins

Dr. Ruel Bench joins as a preceptee and becomes an essential collaborator in the development of Bioprogressive techniques.

1960s

RMO-Data Services Founded

RMO-Data Services is established to provide diagnostic support to orthodontic professionals, offering comprehensive cephalometric analysis and treatment planning services.

1962

Partnership with RMO

Partnership with Rocky Mountain Orthodontics leads to developing preformed bands and pre-adjusted brackets. Presented at the AAO meeting in Los Angeles.

1963

Advanced Classes Initiated

Ricketts initiates advanced classes for groups of 15-25 participants, sharing Bioprogressive techniques with practicing orthodontists.

1968

Foundation for Orthodontic Research (FOR)

FOR established in San Francisco to advance research and education in Bioprogressive Therapy. The same year, the "polar growth phenomenon" is identified — a radial point from which facial growth emanates.

1969

Visual Treatment Objective (VTO)

Introduction of the Visual Treatment Objective methodology, allowing clinicians to visualize treatment outcomes and communicate expected results to patients.

1971

Arcial Growth of the Mandible

The arcial growth of the mandible is described, revolutionizing understanding of mandibular development.

1972

First Publication on Mandibular Growth

Research on arcial growth of the mandible first published in peer-reviewed literature.

1975

Recognition & Awards

Ricketts publishes six articles in one year and receives the prestigious Ketchum Award, recognizing his contributions to orthodontics.

1979

"Bioprogressive Therapy" Textbook Published

The landmark textbook "Bioprogressive Therapy" is published, co-authored by Ricketts, Bench, Gugino, Hilgers, and Schulhof. This comprehensive work details mechanics and techniques, eventually translated into multiple languages.

1980s

Global Expansion & Divine Proportion

With Dr. Carl Gugino's assistance, Ricketts' ideas spread globally. Ricketts studies Divine Proportion and Fibonacci numbers with Dr. Melvin Moss, subsequently lecturing on these principles to orthodontists and plastic surgeons.

1989

Book One Publication

Dr. Ricketts publishes Book One (Parts I and II) with RMO, continuing the documentation of Bioprogressive techniques.

1997-2002

Bioprogressive Institute

Dr. Ricketts launches 13 manuals on Bioprogressive Therapy subjects through the Bioprogressive Institute for Bioprogressive Education in Scottsdale, Arizona.

2003

Dr. Ricketts Passes

Dr. Robert M. Ricketts passes away, leaving behind a revolutionary legacy in orthodontics. He continued publishing and lecturing until his final days.

2004

FOR Meeting in Orlando

A FOR meeting occurs in Orlando, Florida, where followers debate renaming Bioprogressive Therapy — the proposal is rejected by majority vote. This becomes the final FOR meeting before the group dissolves.

2012

FMBO Established

The Foundation for Modern Bioprogressive Orthodontics (FMBO) is formally established to preserve and advance Dr. Ricketts' educational and research legacy, combining decades of diagnostic expertise with modern technology.

2020s

Cloud-Native Platform

Launch of DR. ANNIE — AI-assisted diagnostic platform integrated with FMBODS services, bringing Bioprogressive analysis into the modern digital era.

Present

Continuing the Mission

FMBO continues to advance orthodontic education through seminars, publications, and the FMBODS diagnostic service, carrying forward Dr. Ricketts' commitment to evidence-based practice.

Scientific Foundations

Dr. Ricketts' interest in geometry and mathematics led him to study Divine Proportion and Fibonacci numbers with Dr. Melvin Moss in 1979. He subsequently lectured on these principles — the mathematical basis of natural beauty — to orthodontists and plastic surgeons throughout the 1980s.

Key Concept: The "polar growth phenomenon" identified in 1968 describes a radial point from which facial growth emanates, similar to how sun rays radiate from the sun.

Core Philosophy

The 10 Principles of Bioprogressive Therapy

The foundational principles that guide Bioprogressive orthodontic treatment, as established by Dr. Robert M. Ricketts.

1

Visual Treatment Objective (VTO)

Application of the visual treatment objective in planning treatment, evaluating anchorage, and monitoring results.

2

Torque Control

Torque control throughout treatment for optimal tooth positioning and facial harmony.

3

Bone Anchorage

Muscular and cortical bone anchorage for stable treatment outcomes.

4

Bidirectional Movement

Movement of all teeth in any direction with proper application of pressure.

5

Orthopedic Alteration

Orthopedic alteration of the underlying skeletal structure when indicated.

6

Overbite Correction Priority

Treat the overbite before the overjet correction for stable results.

7

Sectional Arch Therapy

Sectional arch therapy for targeted tooth movement and efficiency.

8

Overtreatment Concept

Concept of overtreatment to account for relapse tendency and ensure long-term stability.

9

Progressive Sequence

Unlocking the malocclusion in a progressive sequence to establish normal function.

10

Efficiency & Quality

Efficiency in treatment with quality results, utilizing prefabrication of appliances.

The Landmark Publication

"Bioprogressive Therapy" (1979)

Co-authored by R.M. Ricketts, R. Bench, C.J. Gugino, J.J. Hilgers, and R.J. Schulhof

This comprehensive textbook detailed the mechanics and techniques of Bioprogressive Therapy and was eventually translated into multiple languages, spreading the philosophy worldwide.

Contributions

Dr. Ricketts' Lasting Contributions

Groundbreaking innovations that transformed orthodontic practice worldwide.

Cephalometric Analysis

Development of comprehensive cephalometric analysis methods that remain standards in orthodontic diagnosis today.

Arch Development

Pioneering techniques for arch development and maintenance that address crowding and arch form correction.

Facial Aesthetic Analysis

Introduction of aesthetic assessment tools including the E-line and facial contour analysis methods.

Growth Prediction

Advanced growth forecasting methods that help clinicians plan treatment timing and expected outcomes.

Visual Treatment Objective

Creation of VTO methodology for treatment planning visualization and patient communication.

Educational Legacy

Comprehensive educational programs and publications that have trained generations of orthodontists worldwide.

FMBO Today

The Foundation for Modern Bioprogressive Orthodontics emerged to preserve these principles while integrating new products, materials, and technologies. Their mission centers on creating "a portal of continuous progression" where practitioners can debate, publish papers, and conduct scientific work.

Through our diagnostic services, educational programs, and research initiatives, we ensure that Dr. Ricketts' contributions continue to benefit orthodontic professionals and their patients around the world.

Our commitment remains unchanged: to promote evidence-based orthodontic practice, advance the field through rigorous research, and expand access to quality orthodontic care for all patients.

Modern FMBODS Platform

The FMBODS (Foundation for Modern Bioprogressive Orthodontics Data Services) platform represents the evolution of the original RMO-Data Services from the 1960s into a modern, cloud-based diagnostic platform.

Today, FMBODS provides:

  • Digital cephalometric analysis with 24+ measurements
  • AI-assisted diagnosis through DR. ANNIE integration
  • Growth forecasting to maturity
  • HIPAA-compliant cloud infrastructure
  • 60+ years of diagnostic expertise
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